Peat fires and degradation are major sources of CO2 emissions in Indonesia. Indonesia’s Peat Restoration Agency (BRG), established partly in response to the 2015 major fire season, has implemented various interventions to reduce these emissions in seven key provinces. Targeting almost 2.5 million hectares of degraded peatlands, BRG’s three-pronged approach to peat restoration, called the “3R”, consists of rewetting, revegetation and revitalisation of local livelihoods. This study analyses the impact of BRG programs at the village level on peat fire occurrences and local livelihoods in the districts of Pulang Pisau (Central Kalimantan, Borneo) and Siak (Riau, Sumatra).